Sorry, here goes.
First of all, bear in mind I can only tell you about what I know. Don't take what I'm saying as the best guide to UK CS courses
I think lots of the uni's do CS courses, under one name or another. The best way to find out who does CS is the UCAS book - that lists every course that every uni does.
The first thing to be aware of is that (when I was applying, anyway) about 50% of the uni's require you to have passed A-Level maths, or an equivalent. You do need it on my course, at least, I suspect others are probably the same. Few unis (about 10%) require you to have done A-Level Computing. If you have it's probably an advantage, but no more than if you've done programming in your own time before. Basically, if you've done some programming before, especially if it's OOP, then the course shouldn't be *too* bad.
I think you'll find most uni's use either Java or C++ as the main language. That's not to say you won't use other languages (I'm currently using Java, C, C++, Assembler and SML) but that's the one the larger projects will be done in. Java is becoming more popular now, C++ isn't used quite so much.
As for *which* uni to go for, well, that depends where you live and what grades you're expecting to get. Warwick, where I'm at now, typically asks for AAB (and like a lot of places, they don't accept General Studies). Then again, Warwick is supposed to be the top CS course in the country (whether it actually is or not, I couldn't really say. Everybody agrees it's top 3 anyway.)
However, don't make the mistake of assuming the grade requirements *just* reflect the difficulty and quality of the course. Nottingham is supposed to be one of the best uni's for CS, just behind Warwick, and it only asks for 24pts (BBB) (only! still high, but a fair step down from Warwick, even though the course is almost the same).
In my personal opinion, Warwick and Nottingham are damn good for computing (Warwick especially - but I would say that!) but you need the grades to get in. Other uni's I applied to were Aston, which has a good reputation. I would have applied to Exeter, which is also good, but it's too far south for me.
Now, as for course content: I can only tell you about my course, but I suspect others will be similar.
Each year, you have to do at least 120 CATS worth of work. In my first year, this was:
Maths for CS 24 CATS
Computer Organis'n/Architecture 24 CATS
Discrete Maths I 12 CATS
Introduction to programming 12 CATS
Practice of Writing in CS 6 CATS
Functional Programming 12 CATS
Design of Info. Structures 12 CATS
Professional Ethics 6 CATS
Programming Lab 12 CATS
Plus one option from:
Statistics
Discrete Maths II
Mathematical Programming
Something else I can't remember.
If you have any more question (you probably will!) feel free to ask.