You answered it yourself, and you recognized that it doesn't matter when you can just repair the lookup table, but to answer your general question: it depends. If you make changes to the order, layout and structure of the kernel (which happens the moment you start making any text strings longer or shorter), then the kernel won't be compatible with any other kernel patches.
Consider a simplified kernel line, with the name of a weapon and Cloud's Str, Mag and Vit growth
Original:
O R G A N I C S 1 1 3
The retranslation:
O G R E N I X 1 1 3 _(next data)_
The hard mod:
O R G A N I C S 2 2 4
Let's apply the hard mod to the translation. We get:
O G R E N I X 1 2 2 _('4' is patched to the next data, so it becomes glitchy)_
Let's try it the other way around. Patch the hard mod, then the translation:
O G R E N I X S 2 2 4 - no glitches, but the name is messed up.
Hopefully that makes clear what scenarios will cause kernel issues.